![]() Because they are derived from host materials, DAMPs induce what’s known as sterile inflammatory responses. 3 DAMPs are derived from host cells including tumor cells, dead or dying cells, or products released from cells in response to signals such as hypoxia. 2 One well-known PAMP is lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is found on the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. PAMPs are derived from microorganisms and thus drive inflammation in response to infections. While many DAMPs and PAMPs have been identified, they stimulate inflammatory responses in context-specific ways leaving room for much more research on their signaling mechanisms. 1,2 These patterns are found on bacterial cell walls, DNA, lipoproteins, carbohydrates, or other structures. One major category of inflammatory stimulation, or "signal 0s" is the family of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The source, structure, and abundance of these stimuli vary quite a bit. The inflammatory response can be beneficial or harmful depending on the type and duration of stimuli. Inflammation results from stimuli signaling damage or infection. By Victoria Osinski What are PAMPs and DAMPs
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